A number of regulators, especially in Europe and the Far East, are evaluating the impact of NGN transition for their sector and for the wider economy. Of these, Ofcom (UK) is by far the most advanced in its thinking followed to some extent by the regulators in Singapore (IDA) and Netherlands. Some other regulators are in the process of concluding their consultations on the subject and are pushing industry led initiatives to regulate the transition to NGNs.
Sunday, November 20, 2011
Current stage of NGN deployment in India :
NGN deployment in India is still in its infancy. While there has been some migration to NGN technologies in the core network by incumbents, the access network is particularly poor and will take many years to be 100% transitioned to NGN.
The transition to NGN access is critically dependent on a number of variables including success of alternate access technologies (Cable TV, Power Line Communication (PLC) and WiMax being the most important), Unbundling (LLU) and market success of triple play services (video, IP voice and data).
In India, take up of broadband services has been low (Broadband penetration of 0.08%) largely due to low PC penetration, insufficient coverage and limitation of suitable access network availability. Further, the knowledge about NGN is not yet wide spread nor are the networks in position to supply these services. Possible applications in rural areas and the business case for rural areas have not yet been studied in any depth.
In summary, NGN deployment is progressing at the core stage and it is likely to take longer for adoption within the access network. The pace of migration will depend critically on plans of the major operators.
The transition to NGN access is critically dependent on a number of variables including success of alternate access technologies (Cable TV, Power Line Communication (PLC) and WiMax being the most important), Unbundling (LLU) and market success of triple play services (video, IP voice and data).
In India, take up of broadband services has been low (Broadband penetration of 0.08%) largely due to low PC penetration, insufficient coverage and limitation of suitable access network availability. Further, the knowledge about NGN is not yet wide spread nor are the networks in position to supply these services. Possible applications in rural areas and the business case for rural areas have not yet been studied in any depth.
In summary, NGN deployment is progressing at the core stage and it is likely to take longer for adoption within the access network. The pace of migration will depend critically on plans of the major operators.
NGN Background :
(i) A Next Generation Network (NGN) is essentially an IP based network that enables any category of customers (residential, corporate or wholesale) to receive a wide range of services (voice, video, data etc.) over the same network. IP access is enabled across a wide range of broadband technologies, both wireless (3G, WiFi, WiMax etc.) and wireline (copper DSL, cable, fibre, power lines etc.). In NGN, the service layer is independent of the underlying network, thus a whole range of 3rd party service providers can offer services to customers and the customer is not bound to take all services from only the access provider.
Technical Glossary
ADSL :
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line. A digital technology that allows the use of a copper line to support high bandwidths in one direction and a lesser bandwidth in the other.
ATM :
Asynchronous Transfer Mode, a standard for cell- based high speed data communications.
Bottleneck :
The part of a network where the economics of building alternative networks are such that effective competition is unlikely to emerge.
Broadband :
A data connection defined as ‘always-on’, and capable of providing a download speed of a minimum of 256kbit/s.
Bundling :
Linking the purchase of one product or service to another, either by selling as a package, or through the use of discounts for joint purchasing.
Core network :
The centralised part of a network, characterised by a high level of traffic aggregation, high capacity links and a relatively small number of nodes.
CLI : Caller Line Identification
COS :
Class of Service e.g. Committed Access Rate (CAR), Waited Random Early Detection (WRED), Waited Fair Queuing (WFQ) in context of MPLS
DEL : Direct Exchange Line
DSL : Digital Subscriber Line.
E.164 :
E.164 is an ITU-T recommendation which defines the international public telecommunication numbering plan used in the PSTN and some other data networks. It also defines the format of telephone numbers.
ENUM
Electronic Numbering. A suite of protocols to unify the telephone system with the Internet by using E.164 addresses with DNS and IP addressing system.
ERNET : Education and Research Network
Ex ante : Before an event takes place.
Ex post : After an event takes place.
FCC :
Federal Communications Commission. The US regulatory body that regulates all inter-state and foreign communications by wire, radio and television. Intrastate communications are regulated by state public utilities commissions.
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line. A digital technology that allows the use of a copper line to support high bandwidths in one direction and a lesser bandwidth in the other.
ATM :
Asynchronous Transfer Mode, a standard for cell- based high speed data communications.
Bottleneck :
The part of a network where the economics of building alternative networks are such that effective competition is unlikely to emerge.
Broadband :
A data connection defined as ‘always-on’, and capable of providing a download speed of a minimum of 256kbit/s.
Bundling :
Linking the purchase of one product or service to another, either by selling as a package, or through the use of discounts for joint purchasing.
Core network :
The centralised part of a network, characterised by a high level of traffic aggregation, high capacity links and a relatively small number of nodes.
CLI : Caller Line Identification
COS :
Class of Service e.g. Committed Access Rate (CAR), Waited Random Early Detection (WRED), Waited Fair Queuing (WFQ) in context of MPLS
DEL : Direct Exchange Line
DSL : Digital Subscriber Line.
E.164 :
E.164 is an ITU-T recommendation which defines the international public telecommunication numbering plan used in the PSTN and some other data networks. It also defines the format of telephone numbers.
ENUM
Electronic Numbering. A suite of protocols to unify the telephone system with the Internet by using E.164 addresses with DNS and IP addressing system.
ERNET : Education and Research Network
Ex ante : Before an event takes place.
Ex post : After an event takes place.
FCC :
Federal Communications Commission. The US regulatory body that regulates all inter-state and foreign communications by wire, radio and television. Intrastate communications are regulated by state public utilities commissions.
NGN Overview
In the Next Generation Networks [NGN], multiple access networks can connect customers to a core network, which is predominantly based on IP technology. NGN promises to provide number of significant benefits and opportunities both for the service providers and the end-users by providing new innovative services and applications through a common platform.
Sunday, October 30, 2011
NGN Architecture
NGN is a layered architecture consisting of
1.Transport,
2.Access,
3.Control and
4.Application layer.
It is important to note that all the layers are independent from each
other. Change in one layer should not affect other layers.
1.Transport,
2.Access,
3.Control and
4.Application layer.
It is important to note that all the layers are independent from each
other. Change in one layer should not affect other layers.
Public Switched Telecommunication Network [PSTN] vs. NGN
[*] As shown in above figure PSTN Switch consists of interface, Switching and call
control. All the functional entities are shown in one box that means they are
interacting with each other using proprietary protocol. Where as in NGN model
entities are interacting using standard protocols.
[*] In PSTN each node should have call control separately whereas NGN may have
centralised call control
[*] PSTN is dedicated network for providing voice services to the subscribers whereas
NGN is developing with the idea of carrying all kind of traffic over it.
[*] PSTN is working on circuit switched principle whereas NGN is working on Packet
switching.
[*] PSTN provides excellent quality of voice and it is tested in all conditions whereas
NGN will provide good quality of voice and it is to be tested in adverse network
conditions.
[*] In PSTN service integration is very difficult and because of vendor dependent
technologies, it is difficult to introduce services easily. Whereas NGN shall be able to
provide separate service platform for introduction of services without depending upon
underlying network related technologies.
Next Generation Networks [ NGN ]
Definition :
As per ITU - T " A NGN is a packet based network able to provide telecommunication services and able to make use of multiple broadband,QoS enabled transport technologies and in which service related functions are independent from underlying transport related technologies.It enables unfettered access for users to networks and to competing service providers and/or services of their cgoice.It supports generalised mobility which will allow consistent and ubiquitous provision of services to users."
>> Service independent from transport
>> One network – many services
>> Traffic management (QoS)
>> An NGN is divided into a core and an access network.
Description :
"Generalised mobility":
At present subscribers are enjoying terminal mobility where network
identification system is available in the form of SIM and the same is inserted in
the terminal. If user is having that terminal he will be mobile with the identity of
the SIM.
In NGN subscriber can have Generalised mobility. Here, each individual will
have its own network identity in the form of "SIPURL: xyz @ domain
name.com". Users have to make registration from his devices against the given
URL. Registrar servers of the company will maintain bindings with URL and physical location of registered devices. Users can register for more than one
device at a time. With this subscribers need not to depend upon specific terminal.
They can login with any device enabled with required protocols (SIP) and call
will come to that device.
As per ITU - T " A NGN is a packet based network able to provide telecommunication services and able to make use of multiple broadband,QoS enabled transport technologies and in which service related functions are independent from underlying transport related technologies.It enables unfettered access for users to networks and to competing service providers and/or services of their cgoice.It supports generalised mobility which will allow consistent and ubiquitous provision of services to users."
The essence of NGN
>> An IP-based network>> Service independent from transport
>> One network – many services
>> Traffic management (QoS)
>> An NGN is divided into a core and an access network.
Description :
"Generalised mobility":
At present subscribers are enjoying terminal mobility where network
identification system is available in the form of SIM and the same is inserted in
the terminal. If user is having that terminal he will be mobile with the identity of
the SIM.
In NGN subscriber can have Generalised mobility. Here, each individual will
have its own network identity in the form of "SIPURL: xyz @ domain
name.com". Users have to make registration from his devices against the given
URL. Registrar servers of the company will maintain bindings with URL and physical location of registered devices. Users can register for more than one
device at a time. With this subscribers need not to depend upon specific terminal.
They can login with any device enabled with required protocols (SIP) and call
will come to that device.
Friday, October 28, 2011
INMARSAT
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Remote Area Business Message Network [ RABMN ]
Remote Area Business Message Network [RABMN] - VSATs provides instant data communication between computers and data terminals. This is a satellite based network that provides communication to any remote part of India. Network The network consists of the Master Earth Station along with the Packet Switch located at Sikandarabad (U.P) and customer terminals known as micro earth stations or VSATs (Very Small Aperture Terminals) located at customer premises. VSATs are linked to the Master Earth Station through the Satellite. Customers can connect their data terminals to the VSATs and transmit data. System Concept is shown in the diagram below: |
AP BSNL USSD Codes
Balance in an account can be checked by dialing *123#, it is called USSD(Unstructured Supplementary data) service code.
Now you can enquire about last call charges, SMS balance, data balance, F&F numbers etc..., with the new USSD codes from Andhra Pradesh BSNL. We can also activate/deactivate free missed call alert service.
Use the Alternative USSD Codes(column 3), if you don't get the reply for the codes in column 2.
| Purpose | USSD Code | Alternative USSD Code |
|---|---|---|
| Last Transaction Details | *102# | -- |
| Balance Enquiry | *123# | -- |
| Friends & Family: | ||
| Status | *124# | *124*3# |
| Addition | *124*Number# | *124*2*Number# |
| Modification | *124*3*Existing No*New No# | *124*2*Existing No*New No# |
| SMS Balance Enquiry | *125# | *123# |
| RC200 Status | *126# | --- |
| Data Balance Enquiry | *234# | *123# |
| Missed Call Alert Activation | *62*+9117010# | --- |
| Missed Call Alert Deactivation | #62# | --- |
Thursday, October 27, 2011
Universal Service Obligation Fund [ USO ] of India - A Perspective.
Govt. of India has established the Universal Service Obligation [USO] Fund under the DOT,this fund is utilising for the rural areas , because lower income,lower population density and lack of commercial activities effects the telecom services providing with huge amount of investment by the operators.To compassionate this losses, the Govt.of India has providing the USO Fund to the rural telecom operators.
The New Telecom Policy - 1999 (NTP’99) provided that the resources for meeting the Universal Service Obligation (USO) would be raised through a ‘Universal Access Levy (UAL)’, which would be a percentage of the revenue earned by the operators under various licenses. The Universal Service Support Policy came into effect from 01.04.2002. The Indian Telegraph (Amendment) Act, 2003 giving statutory status to the Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF) was passed by both Houses of Parliament in December 2003. The Rules for administration of the Fund known as Indian Telegraph (Amendment) Rules, 2004 were notified on 26.03.2004. As per the Indian Telegraph Act 1885 (as amended in 2003, 2006 and 2008), the Fund is to be utilized exclusively for meeting the Universal Service Obligation.
The New Telecom Policy - 1999 (NTP’99) provided that the resources for meeting the Universal Service Obligation (USO) would be raised through a ‘Universal Access Levy (UAL)’, which would be a percentage of the revenue earned by the operators under various licenses. The Universal Service Support Policy came into effect from 01.04.2002. The Indian Telegraph (Amendment) Act, 2003 giving statutory status to the Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF) was passed by both Houses of Parliament in December 2003. The Rules for administration of the Fund known as Indian Telegraph (Amendment) Rules, 2004 were notified on 26.03.2004. As per the Indian Telegraph Act 1885 (as amended in 2003, 2006 and 2008), the Fund is to be utilized exclusively for meeting the Universal Service Obligation.
Tuesday, October 25, 2011
After Idea, BSNL slashes rates; now cheapest 3G operator in India
After Idea Cellular, it is the turn of the country's biggest Internet Service Provider BSNL to slash 3G data rates in an effort to test demand.
The state-owned company has unveiled three new 3G data plans that are cheaper than any other on offer right now, except for the unlimited @750 offer from its partner MTNL in Mumbai and Delhi.
Like Idea Cellular, BSNL too has launched the new plans as a pilot and may withdraw them next year, depending on demand.
Click Here for more details. >>>>
The state-owned company has unveiled three new 3G data plans that are cheaper than any other on offer right now, except for the unlimited @750 offer from its partner MTNL in Mumbai and Delhi.
Like Idea Cellular, BSNL too has launched the new plans as a pilot and may withdraw them next year, depending on demand.
Click Here for more details. >>>>
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