NGN Architecture

NGN is a layered architecture consisting of
1.Transport,
2.Access,
3.Control and
4.Application layer.

It is important to note that all the layers are independent from each
other. Change in one layer should not affect other layers.

Public Switched Telecommunication Network [PSTN] vs. NGN

[*] As shown in above figure PSTN Switch consists of interface, Switching and call
control. All the functional entities are shown in one box that means they are
interacting with each other using proprietary protocol. Where as in NGN model
entities are interacting using standard protocols.
[*] In PSTN each node should have call control separately whereas NGN may have
centralised call control
[*] PSTN is dedicated network for providing voice services to the subscribers whereas
NGN is developing with the idea of carrying all kind of traffic over it.
[*] PSTN is working on circuit switched principle whereas NGN is working on Packet
switching.
[*] PSTN provides excellent quality of voice and it is tested in all conditions whereas
NGN will provide good quality of voice and it is to be tested in adverse network
conditions.
[*] In PSTN service integration is very difficult and because of vendor dependent
technologies, it is difficult to introduce services easily. Whereas NGN shall be able to
provide separate service platform for introduction of services without depending upon
underlying network related technologies.

Next Generation Networks [ NGN ]

Definition :
As per ITU - T " A NGN is a packet based network able to provide telecommunication services and able to make use of multiple broadband,QoS enabled transport technologies and in which service related functions are independent from underlying transport related technologies.It enables unfettered access for users to networks and to competing service providers and/or services of their cgoice.It supports generalised mobility which will allow consistent and ubiquitous provision of services to users."

The essence of NGN

>> An IP-based network
>> Service independent from transport
>> One network – many services
>> Traffic management (QoS)
>>  An NGN is divided into a core and an access network.

Description :
"Generalised mobility":
At present subscribers are enjoying terminal mobility where network
identification system is available in the form of SIM and the same is inserted in
the terminal. If user is having that terminal he will be mobile with the identity of
the SIM.
In NGN subscriber can have Generalised mobility. Here, each individual will
have its own network identity in the form of "SIPURL: xyz @ domain
name.com". Users have to make registration from his devices against the given
URL. Registrar servers of the company will maintain bindings with URL and physical location of registered devices. Users can register for more than one
device at a time. With this subscribers need not to depend upon specific terminal.
They can login with any device enabled with required protocols (SIP) and call
will come to that device.

INMARSAT

	Subscriber dialed INMARSAT services from Shore to Ship, Ship to Shore and Ship to Ship in Indian region are operational in the BSNL Network.  INMARSAT Calls from Basic and Mobile service: Tariff
	The tariff for subscriber dialed INMARSAT services w.e.f 01.01.2009 is- Calls Originated From Fixed Charges (Per Call) Variable Charges Pulse rate Unit Rate Basic Services (Fixed Line/WLL) NIL 175 Mili Sec. As per plan Mobile Services Rs.50 60 Sec Rs.300/Min. International In-roamers Rs.75 1 Sec. Rs.6.50/Sec. Notes: 1. SNAC (Single Network Area Code)  for INMARSAT : 00870 2.  Introduction of this service in the shore to ship direction has a limitation that such short duration metering pulses cannot be transmitted over junction cables and mechanical meters in electro-mechanical exchanges cannot respond to these pulses as such this facility cannot be made available in electro-mechanical exchanges. However, in all other local electronic switches the pulses may be generated locally and services via INMARSAT opened. In C-DoT 256 Port RAX and ILT switches, these services cannot be implemented on account of technical constraints.

Remote Area Business Message Network [ RABMN ]

Remote Area Business Message Network [RABMN] - VSATs provides instant data communication between computers and data terminals. This is a satellite based network that provides communication to any remote part of India. Network   The network consists of the Master Earth Station along with the Packet Switch located at Sikandarabad (U.P) and customer terminals known as micro earth stations or VSATs (Very Small Aperture Terminals) located at customer premises. VSATs are linked to the Master Earth Station through the Satellite. Customers can connect their data terminals to the VSATs and transmit data. System Concept is shown in the diagram below:

AP BSNL USSD Codes

Balance in an account can be checked by dialing *123#, it is called USSD(Unstructured Supplementary data) service code.

Now you can enquire about last call charges, SMS balance, data balance, F&F numbers etc..., with the new USSD codes from Andhra Pradesh BSNL. We can also activate/deactivate free missed call alert service.

Use the Alternative USSD Codes(column 3), if you don't get the reply for the codes in column 2.

Purpose	USSD Code	Alternative USSD Code
Last Transaction Details	*102#	--
Balance Enquiry	*123#	--
Friends & Family:
Status	*124#	*124*3#
Addition	*124*Number#	*124*2*Number#
Modification	*124*3*Existing No*New No#	*124*2*Existing No*New No#
SMS Balance Enquiry	*125#	*123#
RC200 Status	*126#	---
Data Balance Enquiry	*234#	*123#
Missed Call Alert Activation	*62*+9117010#	---
Missed Call Alert Deactivation	#62#	---

Universal Service Obligation Fund [ USO ] of India - A Perspective.

Govt. of India has established the Universal Service Obligation [USO] Fund under the DOT,this fund is utilising for the rural areas , because lower income,lower population density and lack of commercial activities effects the telecom services providing with huge amount of investment by the operators.To compassionate this losses, the Govt.of India has providing the USO Fund to the rural telecom operators.
  The New Telecom Policy - 1999 (NTP’99) provided that the resources for meeting the Universal Service Obligation (USO) would be raised through a ‘Universal Access Levy (UAL)’, which would be a percentage of the revenue earned by the operators under various licenses. The Universal Service Support Policy came into effect from 01.04.2002. The Indian Telegraph (Amendment) Act, 2003 giving statutory status to the Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF) was passed by both Houses of Parliament in December 2003. The Rules for administration of the Fund known as Indian Telegraph (Amendment) Rules, 2004 were notified on 26.03.2004. As per the Indian Telegraph Act 1885 (as amended in 2003, 2006 and 2008), the Fund is to be utilized exclusively for meeting the Universal Service Obligation.

After Idea, BSNL slashes rates; now cheapest 3G operator in India

After Idea Cellular, it is the turn of the country's biggest Internet Service Provider BSNL to slash 3G data rates in an effort to test demand.
The state-owned company has unveiled three new 3G data plans that are cheaper than any other on offer right now, except for the unlimited @750 offer from its partner MTNL in Mumbai and Delhi.
Like Idea Cellular, BSNL too has launched the new plans as a pilot and may withdraw them next year, depending on demand.
Click Here for more details.  >>>>

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